Project on Motivation of Nurses Essay Example for Free

Project on Motivation of Nurses Essay The most traumatic and stressful moments of an individual’s life are when he or she is taken ill. Nurses are synonymous with care and attention in times of need such as these. In a world mostly driven my personal ambition and corporate profit, nurses with their commitment to patient welfare and selfless service, provide a contrasting study. A nurse acts as a savior in distress and is often called upon to make great personal sacrifices in the discharge of her duties. The profession of nursing, is therefore, not merely a ‘job’ and the potentially powerfully insights about commitment to work that they could provide encouraged us to choose them as our subjects of study. As part of the Phase I of the project, we interviewed four nurses who were diverse in the amount of experience each had, the hierarchy in which they were working in the hospital and the backgrounds from which each of them came. This was done to study the commitment of employees towards an organization and understand the various factors which cause the same we have selected a study of nursing staff in hospitals. From the interviews, many broad themes emerged, all of which point correlate positively with their high commitment level to the organization. These points logically lead us to our hypothesis as to what keeps them committed to their place of work.   However, there were some key themes which we noted across all four of our respondents. All the nurses were very excited by the kind of recognition that the hospital was willing to give them. They seemed to treat this as a reward for their hard work and dedication and were motivated by it. All nurses were also impressed by their working relationship with their superiors (Head Nurse/Doctor) in the hospital who treated them as members of a family and with much respect. Nurses were also willing to stay on with the hospital because it provided them with opportunities for personal development. Accordingly our hypotheses are as follows: * There is a positive correlation between the amount of recognition that the nurses receive for their work and their commitment to the organization * There is a positive correlation between the positive relationship between the doctors/supervisors and the nurses and the commitment of the nurses to the organization * There is a positive correlation between the opportunity for learning and personal development that the organization provides and the commitment of the nurses to the organization RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Based on our earlier survey of 4 respondents, we determined that the following three variables play a key role in determining the commitment of nurses to their respective hospitals: * Recognition * Relationship with superiors * Learning and Development We have then tried to identify whether these three variables actually affect commitment levels of nurses at various nursing organizations. For the same, we carried out a survey of 30 nurses with diverse backgrounds (a detailed description of the respondents is covered in the following section) and questioned them on a scale of 5 to 1 (5: Strongly Agree, 1: Strongly Disagree) on 24 questions. Since our hypothesis determines 3 variables as affecting commitment, we tested the existence of each these three independent variables by framing four questions for each variables. Similarly, we determined commitment levels of the nurses through a set of 12 questions. By using a 5-point scale, we have captured not only the  existence, but the extent of existence of these variables. Since we found the responses to be reliable, we determined the correlation between the three independent variables and the dependent variable ‘commitment’ to see whether our hypothesis of is correct. Hospitals chosen for the survey We surveyed nurses from 4 different hospitals to ensure diversity. The organizations range from a large hospital located in a city like Bangalore, to mid-sized hospitals located in Tier-2 cities like Ajmer and Allahabad and a focused surgical-specialty hospital located in a smaller town like Varanasi. This selection lends diversity to our respondents through differences in location, specialization of hospitals, daily footfall (reflecting magnitude of work for the nurses), number of departments etc. Refer Appendix 1 for a description of the hospitals used for out survey. General Profile of the Nurses We have ensured diversity in our respondents while choosing nurses at all of the survey hospitals. The diversity ranges age, number of years worked at the organization and departments worked in. QUESTIONS IN THE SURVEY The questions in the survey were aimed at understanding the extent to which each of our three independent variables and our dependent variable ‘commitment’ was present in these organizations. We captured the different parameters relating to these variables by framing questions addressing various facets of these variables. Refer to Appendix 2 for detailed discussion on questions used for the survey. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF THE SURVEY Reliability of scales Reliability is used to check the consistency of the question set under consideration. In this survey we are testing if the 3 hypothesis that we have come up with are explaining the commitment of employees towards organization. Reliability in a survey is measured by lot of ways and here we are checking internal consistency reliability which indicates reliability within the survey for the responses of similar type of questions. Reliability of dependent variable * Affective Commitment: In affective commitment the questions that are all trying to test for one feature- Attachment to Organization. The questions are direct and straight forward bringing out the required feature thus making it a set of good reliability. We have obtained a reliability scale of 0.6 for this set which is the highest amongst the 3 different commitments scales that we have obtained. * Continuance Commitment: In this set we are trying to test the commitment by knowing the dependence of the person on the organization and how much of a change it would mean to him to switch jobs. The reliability that we obtained for this set is 0.53 which is a high value for a one time survey result. This is a good indication of question set focusing on the same core question. * Normative Commitment: This question set mainly tries to identify the belongingness the person has towards the organization. The question set is clear in conveying the same objective but this attribute is not so direct and easy to understand from an individual’s perspective. Hence the survey respondents’ answers in this set have a lower value reliability of 0.39. Reliability of independent variables For first and third variables (recognition and learning development), the reliability is low at 0.46 and 0.47 respectively while for the second variable (relationship with superiors), the reliability is relatively high at 0.66. Recognition and Learning Development It’s easy to see why responses to questions around Recognition and learning and development score so low in reliability. They are quite different from each other and same person can have very different responses to each of them, if they interpret the different questions to indicate different things. In comparison the questions related to relationships were fairly interrelated and are able to fetch more consistent responses. Overall reliability of all the responses is still lower than 0.7 which can be attributed to the fact that no pilot study was done, which could have been used as input for framing questions in a better way as to improve reliability of responses. Relationship with superiors We obtained highest reliability for responses for this hypothesis. Reliability for this was found to be 0.66, which is near acceptable range. The reason for higher reliability in this question set (Appendix 2) is attributable for ease of understanding the questions. Every person has a fair idea about relationships and these questions although quite different from each other give a fairly good direction the responder in terms of what is being asked. So they maintain consistency and hence higher comparative reliability. Correlation between predictor and dependent variables a) Affective Commitment According to our expectation before the actual test results we came up with all 3 predictors are going to affect the Affective commitment. Recognition was one factor because the appreciation helps the employee (nurse) develop a connect with the organization. Also opportunities for personal development and training opportunities to assist this makes employees feel good which is essential to improve the commitment levels. Good relationships with superiors definitely help people develop an emotional bond with the organization. b) Continuance Commitment Continuance commitment describes how the employee feel about staying longer in the organization and for this one of the most important reasons is economic considerations which are to some extent explained by rewards and recognition. The recognition obtained will motivate them to work better and stay longer in an organization. Also constant opportunities for growing and training will help them stay committed to organization. c) Normative Commitment This form of commitment mainly explains the sense of giving back to the organization and the predictor which we identified was most important was the relationships with supervisor (Head nurse/Doctor). Training and developments reflect investment done by organization on employees, so employees feel an obligation to stay committed to organization to pay it  back, which increases their normative commitment. Actual results: Statistical Significance of correlations With the acceptable alpha level being 0.05 for social science research and no. of responders being 30, (Dof = 28) gives critical value of correlation as 0.361. When compared with the results we obtained we notice that out of 9 correlations, 3 are not significant (value less than 0.361) and 6 are significant (Value higher than 0.361). When it’s significant we reject null hypothesis of no relationship and accept alternative hypothesis of existence of relationship. Hypothesis 1: From the results it’s apparent that hypothesis 1 is partially supported as only one correlation is significant out of 3. That is with affective commitment. So we can interpret that Recognition affects affective commitment but not the other two types of commitments. Hypothesis 2: For second hypothesis 2 out of 3 correlations are significant so it’s also partially supported. Relationship with doctors is not related to continuance commitment but related to affective and normative commitment. Hypothesis 3: Hypothesis 3 is completely supported as all the correlations are significant i.e. higher than 0.361. It means learning and development is related to all the dependent variables and affects all three dimensions of commitment i.e. Affective, Continuance, Normative which are considered here. Plausible explanation of variations between correlations Recognition: Recognition showed the highest correlation with affective commitment, while significant correlations were not established with the continuance and normative commitment. When nurses are recognized by the organization they tend to develop an emotional connect with the organization. They feel happier working in the hospital and a sense of belonging is nurtured within them. The appreciation received for the work translates into an attachment with the organization. This explains the  correlation with affective commitment. The recognition is mostly in the form of awards and words of praise not monetary in nature. Therefore a significant continuance commitment has not been established. Similarly, recognition for work does not lead to a feeling of obligation towards the organization. Rather, the positivity generated by the appreciation of work manifests itself as an emotional attachment towards the organization, which is reflected in the correlation with affective commitment. Relationship with superiors: This independent variable showed highest correlation with normative commitment and lower correlations with affective commitment, while correlation with continuance commitment was insignificant. The nurses tend to view the exceptionally good relationships with the doctors as being facilitated by the hospital. They therefore feel indebted to the hospital for providing them with an excellent working environment, which would be missing at other places. The moral obligation that they feel towards their hospital for the respect and dignity with which doctors and supervisors treat them is translated into a high correlation for normative commitment. Learning and development: It is seen from the results of the survey that learning and development has a high correlation with Affective Commitment to the organization and comparatively low correlation with continuance and normative Commitment. Intuitively we expected high correlation between learning and development a nd normative commitment to the organization. This is because employees would feel an obligation towards an organization that invests time and resources to train its employees and ensure their personal development. However, we realize these may not necessarily hold true once we take into account the atypical nature of the nursing profession. Nurses feel sense of duty towards their patients and ethical and moral obligation to serve the sick to the best of their capacity. In fact, nurses who have been trained well, dealt with varied patient cases and experience a great deal of learning would perhaps experience higher motivation to the society. Hence perhaps they would experience low moral responsibility to staying back in the organization. We believe existence of a caring and people centric management could be the reason for the high correlation between affective commitment and learning and development. An organization that has caring and people friendly management would earn emotional loyalty from its employees due to care and good treatment given to employees. Such an  organization would also take efforts to ensure that its human resources constantly learn and develop so as to contribute to the success of the organization.

The Irrationality of Existence Essay -- Literature, Gilgamesh

One of the most fascinating traits of humanity is the tendency to reflect and to create art on the basis of that reflection. In the days before writing, cave paintings and the oral tradition of storytelling demonstrated ways that people expressed their feelings – taking the time after winning, even if only briefly, the struggle against the demands of subsistence to leave a product behind, for posterity. Even the earliest recorded examples of literature, such as The Epic of Gilgamesh, poignantly express the struggles that humanity faced when dealing with such abstractions like mortality and grief. The most recent bestseller books published last week may have cooler cover art and use figurative language more intricately than that ancient poem. But the anger and grief that Gilgamesh felt after a snake ate the plant of immortality was much greater and powerful. It was the plant he found after a long and bloody journey. Because of one careless moment when he stopped to take a quick dip in a pool, he lost it to the snake. The absurdity of life comes into high relief at this moment, and while the writings of Samuel Beckett, Joseph Heller and Sylvia Plath are just some of the many that express the same theme, none will be displayed more vividly than. Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Michael Seigneur de Montaigne’s Of Experience also mirror the irrationality of existence. These books suggest that what is important in life, and what gives life meaning is much more than what we are able to accumulate and acquire during our time on the planet; it is how we respond to what Hamlet would term the â€Å"slings and arrows of outrageous fortune† (Shakespeare). The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio was written in the 1350’s... ...es. Throughout European history, such movements as the Age of Reason and the Romantic Era represented different schools of thought as the way to find happiness and contentment in life. Boccaccio, Shelley, and Montaigne are just three of the many writers who have taken on this idea as a theme. Ironically, there may be as many answers to the question of finding the significance of life as the number of people trying to answer it. Works Cited Boccaccio, Giovanni, and George H. MacWilliam. The Decameron. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 2003. Print. Montaigne, Michel De. "Of Experience." Essays By Michel De Montaigne: 633-88. Print. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Web. Retrieved 4 December 2011 from http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/hamlet/ Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Joseph Pearce. Frankenstein. San Francisco: Ignatius, 2008. Print. The Irrationality of Existence Essay -- Literature, Gilgamesh One of the most fascinating traits of humanity is the tendency to reflect and to create art on the basis of that reflection. In the days before writing, cave paintings and the oral tradition of storytelling demonstrated ways that people expressed their feelings – taking the time after winning, even if only briefly, the struggle against the demands of subsistence to leave a product behind, for posterity. Even the earliest recorded examples of literature, such as The Epic of Gilgamesh, poignantly express the struggles that humanity faced when dealing with such abstractions like mortality and grief. The most recent bestseller books published last week may have cooler cover art and use figurative language more intricately than that ancient poem. But the anger and grief that Gilgamesh felt after a snake ate the plant of immortality was much greater and powerful. It was the plant he found after a long and bloody journey. Because of one careless moment when he stopped to take a quick dip in a pool, he lost it to the snake. The absurdity of life comes into high relief at this moment, and while the writings of Samuel Beckett, Joseph Heller and Sylvia Plath are just some of the many that express the same theme, none will be displayed more vividly than. Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Michael Seigneur de Montaigne’s Of Experience also mirror the irrationality of existence. These books suggest that what is important in life, and what gives life meaning is much more than what we are able to accumulate and acquire during our time on the planet; it is how we respond to what Hamlet would term the â€Å"slings and arrows of outrageous fortune† (Shakespeare). The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio was written in the 1350’s... ...es. Throughout European history, such movements as the Age of Reason and the Romantic Era represented different schools of thought as the way to find happiness and contentment in life. Boccaccio, Shelley, and Montaigne are just three of the many writers who have taken on this idea as a theme. Ironically, there may be as many answers to the question of finding the significance of life as the number of people trying to answer it. Works Cited Boccaccio, Giovanni, and George H. MacWilliam. The Decameron. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 2003. Print. Montaigne, Michel De. "Of Experience." Essays By Michel De Montaigne: 633-88. Print. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Web. Retrieved 4 December 2011 from http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/hamlet/ Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Joseph Pearce. Frankenstein. San Francisco: Ignatius, 2008. Print.

The Effects of Gmo

Daniel Ramirez Lagunas English 12 CP 18 May 2012 FDA Labeling In our society today, there is a small percent of our food that has been genetically engineered. Genetically modified food can affect people that ingest the substances by causing health issues. With these possible long-term effects of GM foods, the FDA, Food and Drug Administration, should require labels for consumers to see. These labels would help inform the public of the possible dangers of the GM food. Without these labels people can suffer serious medical conditions that can destroy their lifestyles.The FDA should require warning labels on all GM foods. GM foods come with many different health risks. One health risk is severe allergic reactions. These allergic reactions can even be life-threatening. An article from the San Francisco Chronicle states that GM fish can possibly cause severe allergic reactions that could be life threatening. â€Å"Genetically engineered fish pose an increased risk of severe, even life-th reatening, allergic reactions to sensitive individuals. † (SF Chronicle).Because of this possible outcome, the FDA should require all GM food to have proper labeling warning consumers of the possible dangers. Some may argue that this fish will still provide the nutrients that a normal fish provide. Even so, with many potential health hazards, GM food should be labeled so people know what they are getting. A survey from the SF Chronicle states â€Å"95% of the public wants labeling. † (SF Chronicle) If people want a label saying if their food has been genetically modified, then it should be.Even if the same nutrient content is the same, a warning label should be visible before a buyer buys the food so the person has a choice. GM Foods not only can cause severe allergic reactions, but also can contribute the lifelong diseases. An article from The Atlantic states that researchers in China have found new information that shows that we're consuming more than just vitamins an d protein, we are also absorbing information, or microRNA. MicroRNA has been connected to help cause â€Å"cancer, Alzheimer’s, and diabetes. †(Atlantic) This study shows how GM food could influence human health in unanticipated ways.If GM foods do contain microRNA that can severely affect people’s health, then the FDA should warn people of the risk of eating GM food. People who support GM food argue that if we preform test on GM food to look for microRNA, then we must perform the test on normal food. If the FDA decides to test it or not, they still should provide labels stating the risk of microRNA in food. The FDA should require labels on all genetically modified foods so people know what they are eating. By doing so, people will be warned It will warn of the possible risks to their health and have the chance to make better food choices.Health risks that may occur by eating genetically modified foods include severe allergic reactions, cancer, Alzheimer’ s and Dementia, and diabetes. If the FDA does not label these foods, and people don’t know what can happen to them if they consume these foods you can expect to see a rise in lifelong diseases. If people are warned of the potential effects of eating GM foods, they will hopefully make smart decisions regarding their health and the foods they eat. It would be in the best interests of all people to label genetically modified food.

Frankenstein - Every One Needs a Family Essay - 1486 Words

#9;In Mary Shellys Frankenstein, families are a very important part of the structure of the novel. Frankensteins family is critical because the reason why the monster was created lies within the family. Almost every family mentioned in the novel was either incomplete or was dysfunctional. Frankensteins family in particular was missing a female role. The Frankenstein family had no mother, but they did have Elizabeth who was the only other female in the house and she was adopted when she was just a child. The monster was created because of this absence, not necessarily to fill the role of the mother, but to fill in the role of the missing family member. However, the monster is shunned away when he is animated and the fall of the†¦show more content†¦For the De Lacey family, Agatha, the sister, plays the womanly role here. Felix her brother always takes care of her and tries to make life as easiest as possible even though they have gone through many hardships. The problems that this family faces are numerous indeed. Their father is blind and cannot help them in any way. Besides this fact, the De Lacey family was expelled from their native land and forced to live in poverty in a foreign place. quot;He did not succeed. They remained confined for five months before the trial took place; the result of which deprived them of their fortune and condemned them to a perpetual exile from their native countyquot; (122). During the time of the exile, Felix was unable to see his loved one, just like while Victor was away studying, they both could not see the one they cared for. The monster at this time learns of emotion and compassion. He can sympathize with his quot;benefactorsquot; and he also wants to help them, but he cant because of his appearance. The missing family member of the De Laceys is directly correlated with the missing family member of the Frankensteins. The existence of the De Laces in the novel proves that Mary Shelly wanted to include the importanc e of a family and how being close in a family can make everyone happy. This happiness that Victor is trying so hard to pursue by creating the monster. #9;Near the end of the novel, the Monster requests from Victor to create for him, a femaleShow MoreRelated Frankenstein - Every One Needs A Family Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages amp;#9;In Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, families are a very important part of the structure of the novel. Frankenstein’s family is critical because the reason why the monster was created lies within the family. Almost every family mentioned in the novel was either incomplete or was dysfunctional. Frankenstein’s family in particular was missing a female role. 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The Concept of Sex Appeal and Its Influence on the Consumer

In this constantly modernizing world it can be quite hard to avoid excessive visual bombardment. The cities are filled with imagery that people a few decades ago deemed impossible. A sexual revolution has greatly impacted the marketing techniques of major organizations. As the new generation of young adults, we desire to understand how the phenomenon of sex appeal came about and why it influences so many of us on a daily basis. In our quest to gain more knowledge about this topic we seek to find out if basic variables such as gender and age in relation to sex appeal influence purchasing. More complex variables such as confidence and the personal interpretation of the individual’s beauty/attractiveness may give us more insight into the†¦show more content†¦Sex appeal in advertising can negatively impact the consumer which lacks self confidence as the overly styled images of beautiful and sensual faces act as bait. The more unhappy one is, the more one will depend on pr oducts and buyable commodities to ease this self doubt. A study conducted by researchers from the university of Illinois and Minnesota stated that â€Å"By the time children reach early adolescence, and experience a decline in self-esteem, the stage is set for the use of material possessions as a coping strategy for feelings of low self-worth.† (Sato, 2007). The article also explains that a lot in terms of societal happiness has changed over the past 50 years, â€Å"Yet as societies become richer, they do not become happier. In fact, the First World has more depression, more alcoholism and more crime than fifty years ago.† Along with the need to earn more to be able to consume more comes a range of problems which use the consumer as their prime target. Compulsive shopping is a disorder continuously affecting insecure consumers. This sickness was discovered by German psychiatrist, Emil Krà ¤pelin and is â€Å"characterised by an irresistible urge to buy items that are either unneeded or unwanted†¦most compulsive buyers are young women who spend excessive amounts on clothing, shoes and makeup.† (Andreasen Et. Al, 2006) Here one can identify thatShow MoreRelatedAdvertising Appeals Aim For The Audience1077 Words   |  5 PagesDifferent strategies are used in all advertisements. Every aspect of the advertisement is strategically planned to appeal to the audience. For example, an advertisement that does a great job of using sex appeal to reach its audience is â€Å"Carl’s Jr all natural burger†. This ad appeared during the super bowl forty-nine, and it was a big hit. The ad featu res ,22-year-old model buxom, Charlotte McKinney. Throughout the video it shows her walking through the town and appearing as if she is nude. 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The first idea will be discussing Bennett’s statement â€Å"Fashion provides one if the most ready means through which individual can make expressive visual statements about their identities† (2005: 96) explaining the social identity of people and how they represent themselves through fashion. The second idea is discussing identity through sex and gender and how it

What is Psychographics - 885 Words

What is Psychographics? Psychographics is a research focused on the psychological aspect of the buying behaviour and consumer lifestyle that includes their activities, interests and opinions. The psychological factors that affect their buying decisions include motivation, perception, learning, attitudes and belief hence in order for this method to be successful, marketers must first identify the needs and wants of customers because without proper understanding, marketers will not be able to produce the correct products to offer. Thus, by identifying the needs and the wants, it helps to create a more accurate and a stronger marketing mix. Need is something that a consumer feels that is essential for them to consume or to have which awaken certain drive that directs a person’s behaviour to potentially achieve this satisfaction. Need is developed when consumers are in the state of disequilibrium and feels the urge to satisfy a need. Influences from reference groups, cultures and social class can determine the kind of products they purchase depending on how influential and cohesive these reference groups, cultures and social class are. Reference groups refer to people consumer associate with on a daily basis for example family because how children were brought up can determine how and where they spend their money or reference group can also refer to people they look up to and aspire to belong to a particular group are known as aspirational group for example the popular crowdShow MoreRelated2.What Is Psychographics?. Psychographics Is The Study1153 Words   |  5 Pages2.What is Psychographics? Psychographics is the study of personality, values, opinions, attitude, lifestyle. It can also be seen as an equivalent of the concept of culture when it is used for segmentation at a national level. Psychographics is commonly known as study of ‘lifestyle’ of consumers. 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Clearly, this state can prevailRead MoreIdentifying Market Segments And Targets1191 Words   |  5 Pagesare many different levels of market segmentation such as, geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation (Kotler, Keller, 2012). The geographic segmentation used when the marketers segment the market by focusing on a specific geographic area (Thomas, 2007), demographic segmentation concentrates on gender, age, housing type, income, and the educational level (Thomas, 2007), the psychographic segmentation is studying the customers behaviors, emotions, beliefs, and lifestyle (ThomasRead MoreQuestions on Self-Reflection629 Words   |  3 PagesSelf-Reflection What personality type did you chose and what elements in your project specifically relate to that personality type and why? How did you market to the strength of your chosen psychographic? For this project, I chose a personality that would prefer to stand out from the crowd. 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Migration Legislation Amendment Free Samples - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about theMigration Legislation Amendment. Answer: Part A A student Guardian visa (subclass 590) is for that person who wants to stay in Australia as the guardian, parent, and close relative of the applicant of student visa or any person who holds student visa. For the purpose of applying this visa it is necessary that: Applicant or holder of the Student visa must be under the age of 18 years. Applicant of student Guardian visa (subclass 590) must be above the age of 21 years. As per sub clause 590.611 (1) of the Migration Legislation Amendment (2016 Measures No. 1) Regulation 2016 - Schedule 4, if visa is provided to the person who satisfied the requirement of sub clause 590.211(2) or (3) then following conditions are imposed on the applicant: 8101- Person who holds visa must not conduct any kind of work in Australia. 8201- While residing in Australia holder of the visa must not conduct any studies or training for the period extends 3 months. 8501- Individual who holds visa must make necessary arrangements related to insurance of health till the time holder resides in Australia. 8516- Individual who holds visa must be the person who continuously satisfied the primary criteria specified for the respective visa. 8534- Holder of the visa cannot apply for the substantive visa other than protection visa or Subclass 485 (Temporary Graduate) visa while residing in Australia. 8537- Clause 1 of this condition states that for the purpose of class 590 if the nominating student is resides in Australia, then holder of the visa must resides in Australia. Clause 2 of this condition states that holder of the visa must reside with the nominating student, provide adequate accommodation and support to the nominating student, and also ensure welfare of the student who is nominated. 8538- In case holder of the visa leaves the Australia without taking the student with him then holder must provide evidence to the minister in relation: That reasonable and sufficient reasons are present for this purpose, Alternative arrangements are made by the holder for the accommodation of the student, support and welfare of the student till the time holder comes back to Australia. If nominated student is not turned 18 then adequate arrangements made by the holder are approved by the minister (Australian Government, n.d.). In the present case, Aysel is the Widow and came to Australia on a Student Guardian (subclass 590) visa for the purpose of looking out her only daughter Melek (16 years). Conditions 8101, 8201, 8501, 8516, 8534, 8537 and 8538 are imposed on Aysels visa. While residing in Australia, Aysel met with Dennis who is an Australian bachelor and they fall in love with each other. Later they decided to get marry. For this purpose Aysel wants to apply for permanent visa without returning to home, because she did not want to leave Melek on her own in Australia. As stated in condition 8534, Holder of the visa cannot apply for the substantive visa other than protection visa and Subclass 485 (Temporary Graduate) visa while residing in Australia. Therefore, Aysels cannot apply for any permanent visa while residing in Australia. Part B Orphan Relative visa (subclass 837) is the visa which allowed the child to permanently reside in Australia with the relative who is sponsoring the child, and for the purpose of applying getting this visa it is necessary that applicant must: Live in Australia Child must not be older than 18 years or 18 years, and Child must get sponsorship through relative who is the brother, sister, grandparent, aunt, uncle or step-equivalent of the child. It must be noted that sponsor must be an Australian citizen, an Australian permanent resident or an eligible New Zealand citizen. Sponsor must be older than 18 years of age. Child must not be married or in a de-facto relationship. Child must be in situation in which it is not possible for his parents to take care of the child, and Child must satisfy all health and character requirements (DIBP, 2017). As stated above, child can apply for this visa if it is not possible for his parents to take care of the child, because of the following reasons: Both the parents are dead Parents are not capable to take care of the child. It is not possible to found the parents. It is not possible for the child to apply for this visa if the parents of child are able to take care of the child but they do not want to take care. It must be noted that this visa allowed the child to do following things in Australia: can stay in Australia on permanent basis, is allowed to work and study in Australia Can enroll in medicare. Is able to apply for the citizenship of Australia. Child can travel in or outside Australia for the period of 5 years from the date visa is granted. After the period of 5 years it is necessary that child applied for another visa to stay in Australia. Best interest of the Child- department will not grant this visa if it is not in the best interest of the child who is younger than 18 years of age. Health- it is necessary for child to satisfy all the health requirements, and results of health tests are valid for the period of 12 months. Character- in case child is older than 16 years of age then it is necessary for child to meet the character requirements. They must attached police certificate from each country in which they reside for the period of 12 months or more in last 10 years after they turned more than 16 years of age. Child must not arrange the police certificates until the department ask them to do. Debts to the government of Australia- child must not have any outstanding debts towards the government of Australia and in case they have any debts towards Australian government then they must make necessary arrangements to repay those debts (Australian Government, n.d.). In the present case, one evening Aysel and Melek returned from the school after attending parents teacher meeting. When they were on their way to the home, at that time a drunk driver cross the red light and crashed the car of Aysel. Because of this accident Aysel killed on the spot, but Melek was more fortunate than Aysel and suffered only minor injuries from that accident. Hasan is the first cousin of Aysel, and he is an Australian citizen resides at Cabramatta. Both Aysel and Melek visited Hasans house on regular basis and Melek called him uncle. After the death of Hasans Sister, Hasan visited Melek in the hospital and told her that he will be there for her and look after her. In this case Melek can apply for Orphan Relative visa (subclass 837) because this visa allowed the Melek to permanently live in Australia with Hasan, and Melek meet all the requirements of this visa, that is: She resides in Australia She is only 16 years old, which means she is younger than 18 years, and She gets sponsorship from Hasan who is the uncle of the Melek. Hasan is an Australian citizen, and older than 18 years of age. She is not married nor in a de-facto relationship. Both the parents of Melek are dead, and there is no one who can take care of her. Part c Remaining relative visa (Subclass 835) - this visa allowed the visa holder to live permanently in Australia if their near relatives are living in Australia. Through this, visa holder can live in Australia on permanent basis. Applicant is eligible for this visa if (DIBP, n.d.): Their only relative is living in Australia. Applicant gets the sponsorship from their eligible near relative. Applicant has someone who will provide assurance of support. Applicant must meet health and character requirements. Applicant is not eligible for this visa if sufficient grounds are present which make the applicant believe that there are some doubts in the success of the application, because charges paid by the applicant for visa application will not be refunded in case applicant withdraws their application or it is refused by the department. It is necessary that sponsor must give support, accommodation, and financial assistance for the first two years of residency in Australia to their relative or their family member. It is necessary that sponsor must be 18 years of age or older, and must be an Australian citizen, Australian permanent resident, eligible New Zealand citizen. Sponsor must be settled and resided in Australia. This visa allowed the applicant to stay in Australia on permanent basis and if applicant is eligible then he can apply for permanent residence. It is necessary that while making the application of this visa, applicant must be in Australia, and at that time also when visa is granted. These provisions applied on all the applicant of this visa. Assurance of Support- it is necessary for applicant to get assurance or support from person or organization. Up to 3 persons can jointly provide support to the applicant. Assurer provide bank guarantee and must make relevant preparations for that. Preparations involved depositing the money with the bank for the purpose of covering the amount of the bank guarantee. Obligations on applicant- it is necessary for applicant to compile with the Australian laws. Person or his/her partner does not sponsor any person for this visa if person already sponsor any other person for any of the following visa stated below: Laws of the home country of the child give permission related to the removal of the child. Remaining Relative visa (subclass 115) Remaining Relative visa (subclass 835) Preferential Relative visa (subclass 104) Family visa (subclass 806) Person can sponsor the applicant by lodging Form 40 Sponsorship for migration to Australia with the application. It must be noted that applicant can change the sponsorship till the time decision is pending on the application, and it is necessary that new applicant lodge new form 40 for this purpose. It is necessary that sponsor must provide support to the relative for the period of two years from the date visa is granted to the relative, and must help them by providing support, accommodation, and financial assistance (VISA bureau, n.d.). Therefore, Hasan can also apply for this visa for the purpose of getting the permanent residence in Australia for Melek, and for this purpose Hasan must sponsor Melek. References: Australian Government. Visa Conditions. Viewed at: https://guides.dss.gov.au/guide-social-security-law/9/3. Accessed on 26th August 2017. Australian Government. Visa Subclass 837 Orphan Relative. Viewed at: https://guides.dss.gov.au/guide-social-security-law/9/2/11/330. Accessed on 26th August 2017. Australian Visa Bureau. Remaining Relative Visa. Viewed at: https://www.visabureau.com/australia/remaining-relative.aspx. Accessed on 26th August 2017. DIBP, (2017). Orphan Relative visa (subclass 837). Viewed at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/837-. Accessed on 26th August 2017. DIBP. Remaining Relative visa (subclass 835). Viewed at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/835-. Accessed on 26th August 2017. Migration Legislation Amendment (2016 Measures No. 1) Regulation 2016- clause 590.211. Migration Legislation Amendment (2016 Measures No. 1) Regulation 2016- clause 590.611.